Coping with Entrepreneurial Stress and Burnout: Evidence from Women MSME Entrepreneurs in Kerala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54392/ajir25419Keywords:
Women Entrepreneurs, MSMES, Stress, BurnoutAbstract
This paper will examine coping, stress, and burnout among 750 women-owned MSMEs in an Indian state of Kerala. The survey methodology and a standardized tool were used to collect data. The findings found that 22 percent of the female entrepreneurs mentioned very stressful levels, which indicates that these female entrepreneurs are exposed to moderate but widespread levels of stress. The age and size of the business played an important role in the determination of stress levels with micro-business owners and younger executives (below 35 of age) recording the highest levels of stress. Burnout was also strongly correlated with stress, and the most obvious one was burnout that was associated with personal and professional lives. Even though the avoidance coping represented the minor part, it has been linked to the increased level of stress when compared to feelings- and problem-focused coping strategies. Based on the Smart PLS-SEM analysis, coping strategies mediated burnout insignificantly whereas perceived stress had a significant and direct effect on burnout (0.56, p < 0.001), explaining 33% of its variance. The case study reveals that female entrepreneurship is adversely affected by the mental health of the entrepreneurs through behavioural coping strategies and structural limitations. Policy consequences emphasize how mentoring, stress management, and adaptable coping skills training should be included in women's entrepreneurship programs. This study adds to the corpus of literature by providing empirically supported suggestions for improving the long-term viability and flexibility of women-led MSMEs by methodically linking burnout, stress, and coping in the neglected setting of Kerala.
References
Akhila, E., Anbu, K. (2018). Insights into the entrepreneurial role stress of women entrepreneurs in Kudumbashree based micro enterprises in Kerala. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 3(1), 499–504.
Amine, L.S., Staub, K.M. (2009). Women entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa: An institutional theory analysis from a social marketing point of view. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(2), 183–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620802182144
Bahrami, P., Nosratabadi, S., Palouzian, K., Hegedűs, S. (2022). Modelling the impact of mentoring on women’s work-life balance: A grounded theory approach. Administrative Sciences, 13(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13010006
Baldacchino, L., Sassetti, S. (2025). The effects of coping strategies on entrepreneurs' psychological well‐being under uncertainty. Strategic Change, 34(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2613
Biswas, S. (2021). She innovates-Female owner and firm innovation in India. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.09515. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09515
Cardon, M.S., Patel, P.C. (2015). Is stress worth it? Stress‐related health and wealth trade‐offs for entrepreneurs. Applied Psychology, 64(2), 379–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12021
Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., Weintraub, J.K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Chreim, S., Spence, M., Crick, D., Liao, X. (2018). Review of female immigrant entrepreneurship research: Past findings, gaps and ways forward. European Management Journal, 36(2), 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.02.001
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F., Schaufeli, W.B. (2001). The job demands–resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
Dzomonda, O., Neneh, B., Jaiyeoba, O. (2025). Coping strategies and subjective well-being among women entrepreneurs: The mediating role of psychological resilience. Development Southern Africa, 42, 442-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2025.2474749
Folkman, S. (2013). Stress: Appraisal and Coping. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, Springer, New York, 1913-1915. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215
Huang, S., Huang, Q., Soetanto, D. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and the performance of high-tech and low-tech firms: A configurational approach. European Management Journal, 41(3), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.03.002
Iqbal, U.P., Kuriakose, A., Joseph, E. (2024). Exploring the experience of rural women entrepreneurs in Kerala. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 33(4), 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2024.137609
Jain, A.K., Srivastava, S., Cubico, S. (2018). Women Entrepreneurship in India: A Work-Life Balance Perspective. In: Cubico, S., Favretto, G., Leitão, J., Cantner, U. (eds) Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle. Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics. Springer, Cham, 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5_13
Jennings, J.E., Brush, C.G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663–715. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2013.782190
Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1965-08866-000
Kariv, D. (2008). The relationship between stress and business performance among men and women entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(4), 449–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2008.10593435
Kipkosgei, F. (2022). Perceived entrepreneurial stress and entrepreneurial resilience: The mediating role of well-being and moderating role of perceived online social support. Merits, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits2010001
Krithiga, R., Velmurugan, G. (2024). Examining the impact of stress and coping strategies on the performance of women entrepreneurs. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(7), e2024148. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024148
Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3(4), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001
Manoj, P.K., Khan, A.K.J.F., Krishna, S. (2021). MSMEs for faster and equitable economic growth: The case of Kerala in India. Journal of Production Research & Management, 11(3), 19–28.
Maslach, C., Leiter, M.P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311
Matharu, S.K., Juneja, D. (2024). Factors impacting resilience of women entrepreneurs in India in the face of COVID-19. Vision, 28(4), 448–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629211043299
Negi, C.S., Kumar, S. (2024). Role of memes in Indian economy. Research Journal of Commerce, Management & Economics, 55-67. https://sdsuv.co.in/commerce_journal/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SHODH_SAMARTH_JOURNAL_2024-1-1_compressed.pdf
Panwar, S., Srivastava, A., Singh, D., Singh, A. (2025). Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in balancing work and personal life. In Work-Life Balance and Its Effect on Women Entrepreneurs IGI Global. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9516-5.ch001
Rashid, S., Ratten, V. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review on Women Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies While Reflecting Specifically on SAARC Countries. In: Ratten, V. (eds) Entrepreneurship and Organizational Change. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. 37–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35415-2_4
Roomi, M.A., Parrott, G. (2008). Barriers to development and progression of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135570701700105
Sam, C.M., Ansal, F., Jose, N.M. (2024). A study on the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs with reference to Ernakulam, Kerala (Doctoral dissertation, St. Teresa’s College (Autonomous), Ernakulam). http://117.239.78.102:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4671/1/CYNDA.pdf
Shyla, J., Natrajan, S., Priya, H., James, J., Varghese, A., Vijayan, S., Marshel, A. (2014). A study on problems of women entrepreneurs in urban area with special reference to Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 2(5), 5–16.
Stephan, U. (2018). Entrepreneurs’ mental health and well-being: A review and research agenda. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(3), 290–322. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0001
Sudheshna B. (2019). Aware Of Stress Coping Techniques For Women Entrepreneurs. Elementary Education Online, 18(4), 2410–2417.
Tahar, Y.B., Rejeb, N., Maalaoui, A., Kraus, S., Westhead, P., Jones, P. (2023). Emotional demands and entrepreneurial burnout: The role of autonomy and job satisfaction. Small Business Economics, 61(2), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00702-w
Unnikrishnan, C., Mohanadasan, T. (2025). Women in agri-value chains in Kerala: Analysis of entrepreneurial types, challenges, and success stories. International Journal of Commerce and Research Management, 184–187. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15512214
Uy, M.A., Foo, M.D., Song, Z. (2013). Joint effects of prior start-up experience and coping strategies on entrepreneurs’ psychological well-being. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(5), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.04.003
Wiklund, J., Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., Foo, M.D., Bradley, S. (2019). Entrepreneurship and well-being: Past, present, and future. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.01.002
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Krishnapriya G, Ajithkumar N (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.